.MCAD 304020000 1 76 360 0 .CMD PLOTFORMAT 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 NO-TRACE-STRING 0 2 1 0 1 1 NO-TRACE-STRING 0 3 2 0 1 1 NO-TRACE-STRING 0 4 3 0 1 1 NO-TRACE-STRING 0 1 4 0 1 1 NO-TRACE-STRING 0 2 5 0 1 1 NO-TRACE-STRING 0 3 6 0 1 1 NO-TRACE-STRING 0 4 0 0 1 1 NO-TRACE-STRING 0 1 1 0 1 1 NO-TRACE-STRING 0 2 2 0 1 1 NO-TRACE-STRING 0 3 3 0 1 1 NO-TRACE-STRING 0 4 4 0 1 1 NO-TRACE-STRING 0 1 5 0 1 1 NO-TRACE-STRING 0 2 6 0 1 1 NO-TRACE-STRING 0 3 0 0 1 1 NO-TRACE-STRING 0 4 1 0 1 1 NO-TRACE-STRING 0 1 1 21 15 0 0 3 .CMD FORMAT rd=d ct=10 im=i et=3 zt=15 pr=3 mass length time charge temperature tr=0 vm=0 .CMD SET ORIGIN 0 .CMD SET TOL 0.001000000000000 .CMD SET PRNCOLWIDTH 8 .CMD SET PRNPRECISION 4 .CMD PRINT_SETUP 1.200000 0.989583 1.200000 1.200000 0 .CMD HEADER_FOOTER 1 1 *empty* *empty* *empty* 0 1 *empty* *empty* *empty* .CMD HEADER_FOOTER_FONT fontID=14 family=Arial points=10 bold=0 italic=0 underline=0 colrid=-1 .CMD HEADER_FOOTER_FONT fontID=15 family=Arial points=10 bold=0 italic=0 underline=0 colrid=-1 .CMD DEFAULT_TEXT_PARPROPS 0 0 0 .CMD DEFINE_FONTSTYLE_NAME fontID=0 name=Variables .CMD DEFINE_FONTSTYLE_NAME fontID=1 name=Constants .CMD DEFINE_FONTSTYLE_NAME fontID=2 name=Text .CMD DEFINE_FONTSTYLE_NAME fontID=4 name=User^1 .CMD DEFINE_FONTSTYLE_NAME fontID=5 name=User^2 .CMD DEFINE_FONTSTYLE_NAME fontID=6 name=User^3 .CMD DEFINE_FONTSTYLE_NAME fontID=7 name=User^4 .CMD DEFINE_FONTSTYLE_NAME fontID=8 name=User^5 .CMD DEFINE_FONTSTYLE_NAME fontID=9 name=User^6 .CMD DEFINE_FONTSTYLE_NAME fontID=10 name=User^7 .CMD DEFINE_FONTSTYLE fontID=0 family=Times^New^Roman points=12 bold=0 italic=0 underline=0 colrid=-1 .CMD DEFINE_FONTSTYLE fontID=1 family=Times^New^Roman points=12 bold=0 italic=0 underline=0 colrid=-1 .CMD DEFINE_FONTSTYLE fontID=2 family=Georgia points=12 bold=0 italic=0 underline=0 colrid=1 .CMD DEFINE_FONTSTYLE fontID=4 family=Arial points=10 bold=0 italic=0 underline=0 colrid=-1 .CMD DEFINE_FONTSTYLE fontID=5 family=Courier^New points=10 bold=0 italic=0 underline=0 colrid=-1 .CMD DEFINE_FONTSTYLE fontID=6 family=System points=10 bold=0 italic=0 underline=0 colrid=-1 .CMD DEFINE_FONTSTYLE fontID=7 family=Script points=10 bold=0 italic=0 underline=0 colrid=-1 .CMD DEFINE_FONTSTYLE fontID=8 family=Roman points=10 bold=0 italic=0 underline=0 colrid=-1 .CMD DEFINE_FONTSTYLE fontID=9 family=Modern points=10 bold=0 italic=0 underline=0 colrid=-1 .CMD DEFINE_FONTSTYLE fontID=10 family=Times^New^Roman points=10 bold=0 italic=0 underline=0 colrid=-1 .CMD UNITS U=1 .CMD DIMENSIONS_ANALYSIS 0 0 .CMD COLORTAB_ENTRY 0 0 0 .CMD COLORTAB_ENTRY 128 0 0 .CMD COLORTAB_ENTRY 0 128 0 .CMD COLORTAB_ENTRY 128 128 0 .CMD COLORTAB_ENTRY 0 0 128 .CMD COLORTAB_ENTRY 128 0 128 .CMD COLORTAB_ENTRY 0 128 128 .CMD COLORTAB_ENTRY 128 128 128 .CMD COLORTAB_ENTRY 192 192 192 .CMD COLORTAB_ENTRY 255 0 0 .CMD COLORTAB_ENTRY 0 255 0 .CMD COLORTAB_ENTRY 255 255 0 .CMD COLORTAB_ENTRY 0 0 255 .CMD COLORTAB_ENTRY 255 0 255 .CMD COLORTAB_ENTRY 0 255 255 .CMD COLORTAB_ENTRY 255 255 255 .CMD COLORTAB_ENTRY 10 36 106 .TXT 7 18 55 0 0 Cg a54.000000,54.000000,27 {\rtf\ansi \deff0{\colortbl;\red0\green0\blue0;}{\fonttbl{\f0\fcharset0 \fnil Georgia;}}\plain\cf1\fs24 \pard {\fs32 Related Rates, Buoy Example}} .TXT 4 -16 66 0 0 Cg a70.000000,70.000000,226 {\rtf\ansi \deff0{\colortbl;\red0\green0\blue0;}{\fonttbl{\f0\fcharset0 \fnil Georgia;}}\plain\cf1\fs24 \pard A person stands at the end of a pier {\object{\*\objclass \eqn}\rsltpict{\*\objdata .EQN 11 34 56 0 1 {0:a}NAME:8 }} feet above the water and pulls in a rope attached to a buoy. If the rope is hauled in at the rate of {\object{\*\objclass \eqn} \rsltpict{\*\objdata .EQN 13 56 57 0 1 {0:b}NAME:2 }} ft/min,\par how fast is the buoy moving in the water when it is { \object{\*\objclass \eqn}\rsltpict{\*\objdata .EQN 16 47 58 0 1 {0:c}NAME:6 }} ft from the pier?} .TXT 9 1 59 0 0 Cg a70.000000,70.000000,92 {\rtf\ansi \deff0{\colortbl;\red0\green0\blue0;}{\fonttbl{\f0\fcharset0 \fnil Georgia;}}\plain\cf1\fs24 \pard Let {\b\i x} be the distance of the buoy from the bottom of the pier,\par and {\b\i y} the length of the rope.} .TXT 6 0 60 0 0 Cg a70.000000,70.000000,61 {\rtf\ansi \deff0{\colortbl;\red0\green0\blue0;}{\fonttbl{\f0\fcharset0 \fnil Georgia;}}\plain\cf1\fs24 \pard According to Pythagoras' Theorem, x, a, and y are related by} .EQN 5 19 61 0 0 ({0:x}NAME({0:t}NAME))^(2)+({0:a}NAME)^(2)÷({0:y}NAME({0:t}NAME))^(2) .TXT 4 -20 156 0 0 Cg a70.000000,70.000000,61 {\rtf\ansi \deff0{\colortbl;\red0\green0\blue0;}{\fonttbl{\f0\fcharset0 \fnil Georgia;}}\plain\cf1\fs24 \pard Now we differentiate the equation above, and solve for dx/dt:} .EQN 5 10 158 0 0 {0:t}NAME"(({0:x}NAME({0:t}NAME))^(2)+({0:a}NAME)^(2)÷({0:y}NAME({0:t}NAME))^(2)){63}_n_u_l_l_ .EQN 7 0 253 0 0 {0:t}NAME"{0:x}NAME({0:t}NAME)÷({0:y}NAME({0:t}NAME))/({0:x}NAME({0:t}NAME))*{0:t}NAME"{0:y}NAME({0:t}NAME) .TXT 6 -9 254 0 0 Cg a70.000000,70.000000,80 {\rtf\ansi \deff0{\colortbl;\red0\green0\blue0;}{\fonttbl{\f0\fcharset0 \fnil Georgia;}}\plain\cf1\fs24 \pard We plug in y(t)=sqrt(x^2+a^2) = sqrt(c^2+a^2), \par dy/dt=b, and x=c to get the rate} .EQN 9 10 259 0 0 {0:t}NAME"{0:x}NAME({0:t}NAME) .TXT 0 6 261 0 0 Cg a56.750000,56.750000,1 {\rtf\ansi \deff0{\colortbl;\red0\green0\blue0;}{\fonttbl{\f0\fcharset0 \fnil Georgia;}}\plain\cf1\fs24 \pard =} .EQN 0 2 262 0 1 \(({0:c}NAME)^(2)+({0:a}NAME)^(2))*({0:b}NAME)/({0:c}NAME)={0}?_n_u_l_l_ .TXT 6 -19 263 0 0 Cg a71.000000,71.000000,92 {\rtf\ansi \deff0{\colortbl;\red0\green0\blue0;}{\fonttbl{\f0\fcharset0 \fnil Georgia;}}\plain\cf1\fs24 \pard Final question? How is the speed g(c) of the buoy depending on its distance c from the pier?} .EQN 8 87 273 0 0 {0:c}NAME:0.1,0.2;10 .EQN 1 -68 274 0 0 {0:g}NAME({0:c}NAME):\(({0:c}NAME)^(2)+({0:a}NAME)^(2))*({0:b}NAME)/({0:c}NAME) .TXT 6 -20 279 0 0 Cg a74.750000,74.750000,13 {\rtf\ansi \deff0{\colortbl;\red0\green0\blue0;}{\fonttbl{\f0\fcharset0 \fnil Georgia;}}\plain\cf1\fs24 \pard We graph this} .EQN 3 4 280 0 0 &&(_n_u_l_l_&_n_u_l_l_)&{0:g}NAME({0:c}NAME)@10&0&(_n_u_l_l_&_n_u_l_l_)&{0:c}NAME 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 NO-TRACE-STRING 0 2 1 0 1 1 NO-TRACE-STRING 0 3 2 0 1 1 NO-TRACE-STRING 0 4 3 0 1 1 NO-TRACE-STRING 0 1 4 0 1 1 NO-TRACE-STRING 0 2 5 0 1 1 NO-TRACE-STRING 0 3 6 0 1 1 NO-TRACE-STRING 0 4 0 0 1 1 NO-TRACE-STRING 0 1 1 0 1 1 NO-TRACE-STRING 0 2 2 0 1 1 NO-TRACE-STRING 0 3 3 0 1 1 NO-TRACE-STRING 0 4 4 0 1 1 NO-TRACE-STRING 0 1 5 0 1 1 NO-TRACE-STRING 0 2 6 0 1 1 NO-TRACE-STRING 0 3 0 0 1 1 NO-TRACE-STRING 0 4 1 0 1 1 NO-TRACE-STRING 0 1 2 51 32 12 0 3 .TXT 44 -2 281 0 0 Cg a70.000000,70.000000,145 {\rtf\ansi \deff0{\colortbl;\red0\green0\blue0;}{\fonttbl{\f0\fcharset0 \fnil Georgia;}}\plain\cf1\fs24 \pard Interestingly, this means that the speed of the buoy gets infinite\par if it approaches the pier. It smashes against the pier with infinite velocity.} .TXT 6 0 282 0 0 Cg a72.750000,72.750000,197 {\rtf\ansi \deff0{\colortbl;\red0\green0\blue0;}{\fonttbl{\f0\fcharset0 \fnil Georgia;}}\plain\cf1\fs24 \pard But since infinite velocity is impossible, that means that the buoy will not meet\par the pier at the water line. Rather it will, shortly before hitting the wall, be lifted a little outside the water. } .TXT 10 32 360 0 0 Cg a49.750000,49.750000,1 {\rtf\ansi \deff0{\colortbl;\red0\green0\blue0;}{\fonttbl{\f0\fcharset0 \fnil Georgia;}}\plain\cf1\fs24 \pard *} .TXT 5 -33 333 0 0 Cg a71.000000,71.000000,153 {\rtf\ansi \deff0{\colortbl;\red0\green0\blue0;}{\fonttbl{\f0\fcharset0 \fnil Georgia;}}\plain\cf1\fs24 \pard We test this by visualizing in a stroboscopic way the approach of the buoy\par to the pier.\par When the length of the rope is y, the slope of the rope would be} .EQN 9 7 334 0 0 {0:m}NAME({0:y}NAME):-(({0:a}NAME)/(\(({0:y}NAME)^(2)-({0:a}NAME)^(2)))) .EQN 3 42 335 0 0 {0:x}NAME:0;8 .TXT 4 -49 336 0 0 Cg a70.000000,70.000000,53 {\rtf\ansi \deff0{\colortbl;\red0\green0\blue0;}{\fonttbl{\f0\fcharset0 \fnil Georgia;}}\plain\cf1\fs24 \pard Therefore the equations for y = 11, 10.8, ...8.1 are} .EQN 5 -1 337 0 0 {0:f10}NAME({0:x}NAME):{0:m}NAME(9)*{0:x}NAME+{0:a}NAME .EQN 3 16 338 0 0 {0:f5}NAME({0:x}NAME):{0:m}NAME(8.5)*{0:x}NAME+{0:a}NAME .EQN 0 37 339 0 0 {0:f22}NAME({0:x}NAME):{0:m}NAME(10.2)*{0:x}NAME+{0:a}NAME .EQN 1 -19 340 0 0 {0:f12}NAME({0:x}NAME):{0:m}NAME(9.2)*{0:x}NAME+{0:a}NAME .EQN 2 -34 341 0 0 {0:f9}NAME({0:x}NAME):{0:m}NAME(8.9)*{0:x}NAME+{0:a}NAME .EQN 3 16 342 0 0 {0:f4}NAME({0:x}NAME):{0:m}NAME(8.4)*{0:x}NAME+{0:a}NAME .EQN 0 18 343 0 0 {0:f14}NAME({0:x}NAME):{0:m}NAME(9.4)*{0:x}NAME+{0:a}NAME .EQN 0 19 344 0 0 {0:f24}NAME({0:x}NAME):{0:m}NAME(10.4)*{0:x}NAME+{0:a}NAME .EQN 3 -53 345 0 0 {0:f8}NAME({0:x}NAME):{0:m}NAME(8.8)*{0:x}NAME+{0:a}NAME .EQN 3 16 346 0 0 {0:f3}NAME({0:x}NAME):{0:m}NAME(8.3)*{0:x}NAME+{0:a}NAME .EQN 0 18 347 0 0 {0:f16}NAME({0:x}NAME):{0:m}NAME(9.6)*{0:x}NAME+{0:a}NAME .EQN 0 19 348 0 0 {0:f26}NAME({0:x}NAME):{0:m}NAME(10.6)*{0:x}NAME+{0:a}NAME .EQN 3 -53 349 0 0 {0:f7}NAME({0:x}NAME):{0:m}NAME(8.7)*{0:x}NAME+{0:a}NAME .EQN 3 17 350 0 0 {0:f2}NAME({0:x}NAME):{0:m}NAME(8.2)*{0:x}NAME+{0:a}NAME .EQN 3 17 351 0 0 {0:f18}NAME({0:x}NAME):{0:m}NAME(9.8)*{0:x}NAME+{0:a}NAME .EQN 0 19 352 0 0 {0:f28}NAME({0:x}NAME):{0:m}NAME(10.8)*{0:x}NAME+{0:a}NAME .EQN 3 -53 353 0 0 {0:f6}NAME({0:x}NAME):{0:m}NAME(8.6)*{0:x}NAME+{0:a}NAME .EQN 3 16 354 0 0 {0:f1}NAME({0:x}NAME):{0:m}NAME(8.1)*{0:x}NAME+{0:a}NAME .EQN 0 18 355 0 0 {0:f20}NAME({0:x}NAME):{0:m}NAME(10)*{0:x}NAME+{0:a}NAME .EQN 0 19 356 0 0 {0:f30}NAME({0:x}NAME):{0:m}NAME(11)*{0:x}NAME+{0:a}NAME .EQN 4 -51 357 0 0 &-0.1&(_n_u_l_l_&_n_u_l_l_)&{0:f10}NAME({0:x}NAME),{0:f9}NAME({0:x}NAME),{0:f8}NAME({0:x}NAME),{0:f7}NAME({0:x}NAME),{0:f6}NAME({0:x}NAME),{0:f5}NAME({0:x}NAME),{0:f4}NAME({0:x}NAME),{0:f3}NAME({0:x}NAME),{0:f2}NAME({0:x}NAME),{0:f1}NAME({0:x}NAME), {0:f12}NAME({0:x}NAME),{0:f14}NAME({0:x}NAME),{0:f16}NAME({0:x}NAME),{0:f18}NAME({0:x}NAME),{0:f20}NAME({0:x}NAME),{0:f22}NAME({0:x}NAME)@8&0&(_n_u_l_l_&_n_u_l_l_)&{0:x}NAME 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 NO-TRACE-STRING 0 2 1 0 1 1 NO-TRACE-STRING 0 1 2 0 1 1 NO-TRACE-STRING 0 2 3 0 1 1 NO-TRACE-STRING 0 1 4 0 1 1 NO-TRACE-STRING 0 2 5 0 1 1 NO-TRACE-STRING 0 1 6 0 1 1 NO-TRACE-STRING 0 2 0 0 1 1 NO-TRACE-STRING 0 1 1 0 1 1 NO-TRACE-STRING 0 2 2 0 1 1 NO-TRACE-STRING 0 1 3 0 1 1 NO-TRACE-STRING 0 1 4 0 1 1 NO-TRACE-STRING 0 1 5 0 1 1 NO-TRACE-STRING 0 1 6 0 1 1 NO-TRACE-STRING 0 1 0 0 1 1 NO-TRACE-STRING 0 1 1 0 1 1 NO-TRACE-STRING 0 1 2 53 67 12 0 3